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The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential.〔 〕 A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager. A related phenomenon is known as the Second Wien Effect or the dissociation field effect, and it involves increased dissociation constants of weak acids at high electrical gradients.〔Carl H. Hamann, Andrew Hamnett, Wolf Vielstich "Electrochemistry", 2nd edition, Wiley-VCH ((Google books) )〕 The dissociation of weak chemical bases is unaffected. The effects are important at very high electrical field gradients (108 - 109 V/m), like those observed in electrical double layers at interfaces or at the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemistry. More generally, the electric field effect (directly, through space rather than through chemical bonds) on chemical behaviour of systems (e.g., on reaction rates) is known as the field effect or the direct effect.〔IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. . (Entry:field effect ) (DOI of this term: ).〕 The terms are named after Max Wien.〔Karl Willy Wagner, "Max Wien zum 70. Geburtstag" (''On the 70th birthday of Max Wien''), Naturwissenschaften, Volume 25, Number 5, 65-67, 1937. ((link to pdf) ) (in German).〕〔Max Wien: (1) Ann. Physik. 85, 795 (1928); (2) Phys. Z. 29, 751 (1928); (3) Ann. Physik. 1, 400 (1929); (4) Phys. Z. 32, 545 (1931); (5) J. Malsch and M. Wien, Ann. Physik. 83, 305 (1927).〕 == See also == *Electroviscous effects *Field effect (semiconductor) *Field-effect mobility *Debye length 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wien effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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